Sunday, October 28, 2012

Enhance Your Site Advertising Expertise Using These Skilled - 1

These days the world?s biggest industry is one who any company manager can tap into ? the internet! Website marketing may help any business, as well as the prospective revenue from this kind of marketing courses grow actually-more difficult to disregard. The owner of the enterprise do not need to be especially technology-experienced to join the internet advertising area. Here are a few straightforward ideas to bounce-commence any affiliate marketing online undertaking:

When making web marketing backup, be sure you inform your buyers prior to an investment, what kind of help is accessible to them when they purchase. Individuals prefer to know who to make contact with in case they have an issue, and what kinds of problems they are able to have handled totally free. Make sure to point out essentials, for example what time they may make contact with the assistance group (regardless of whether your ?assist crew? is simply you) and what types of connection can be purchased.

When you can confess your site is not perfect, it is possible to successfully boost it. Knowing that your site will always be a work in advancement, provides you with the freedom to further improve at will. Nobody includes a best website, which means that continuous improvement can greatly increase the performance of your own web traffic.

Even when you are a one ppi claims person company, use your web site to supply the impression that your enterprise is massive. Use expert graphics, a structured structure, plus a top notch getting process to produce your company look like a huge of industry, even should it be just you at home workplace.

Incorporate exciting pictures with your articles. Folks are really graphic, specifically on the internet, and a photograph will frequently purchase them thinking about looking at a lot more. Colorful and fascinating pictures work best. Always be certain you will find the appropriate permissions to post any photographs you plan to make use of with the content.

To aid advertise your web based business, include a blog site to the company?s site. With employees blog site about new releases and new firm initiatives, your company will seem to be more personable. Regular posts will help customers get in the habit of reading through your blog site as well as looking forward to new information and facts. If they?re interested in what the employees need to say, they?ll be excited about acquiring!

Head to each of the nearby directories available on-line, and make sure you are listed there. It is an more hyperlink to your web page, and it will allow you to control your track record better. If you are not detailed, be sure to use the required methods to change this.

Some thing all web market segments should think about is always to make there banner ad advertisements not seem like banner ad ads. Audiences see banner ads all the time and have learned to track them out when visiting a website. Instead attempt developing a style that captures the fascination of the viewers and may cause them to select it.

Tips like these are helpful both for hop-starting up a brand new affiliate marketing marketing campaign as well as for boosting an existing 1. The field is indeed large, with the very much process therefore several clean tips, that the whole process of researching internet marketing need to have by no means cease. Canny online marketers keep actually-aware, with the knowledge that the subsequent good idea may be merely a click away.

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Source: http://www.humanhealth01.com/?p=123

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Hurricane Sandy looms over 10-day sprint to election

NASHUA, N.H./KISSIMMEE, Florida (Reuters) - President Barack Obama and Republican challenger Mitt Romney campaigned feverishly in closely contested battleground states on Saturday but changed travel plans to avoid Hurricane Sandy, the massive storm approaching the U.S. East Coast.

With just 10 days before Election Day and polls showing the national race a dead heat, Romney held three rallies in Florida, whose 29 electoral votes are the biggest prize among states considered too close to call.

Romney told supporters in Pensacola that Obama was focusing his campaign on small things, and vowed to win the election, to chants of "10 more days, 10 more days."

"Look into the future and see the debt that's being amassed and say, 'What is right for America?' This is a time of big choices, of big consequence. It's a big election," Romney said.

Romney's events in Florida came on the first day of in-person early voting in the state. In 2008, Obama benefited from the strong turnout of Democrats in early voting. Republicans have made a push to get Romney supporters to vote early in 2012.

Republican Senator Marco Rubio, traveling with Romney in Florida, told reporters on the campaign plane that the Republican get-out-the-vote effort in his state was much better than in 2008.

"The best way to put it is, in Florida, I'd rather be us than them," said Rubio, who later left the campaign trail after his 12-year-old daughter was injured in an accident in Miami.

Obama spent Saturday in New Hampshire, whose four electoral votes could make a difference in the tight race.

"Ten days, New Hampshire, 10 days and you'll be stepping into a voting booth and making a defining choice about the future of our country," the Democratic president told about 8,500 people in a speech criticizing Romney's record on taxes and fees as governor of Massachusetts.

New Hampshire is known for its low taxes. Many of its residents moved away from Massachusetts to cut their tax bills.

Both campaigns were keeping a wary eye on Hurricane Sandy, which threatened to slam into the eastern third of the country on Monday or Tuesday with torrential rains, high winds, major flooding and power outages.

In Kissimmee, Romney told the crowd to keep those in the path of the storm "in your mind and in your hearts. You know how tough hurricanes can be."

CHANGE OF PLANS

Romney canceled a trip to Virginia scheduled for Sunday, when the state is expected to begin feeling the impact of the approaching storm. A Washington Post poll on Saturday showed Obama leading Romney by 51 percent to 47 percent among likely voters in Virginia, just above its margin of error of 3.5 percentage points.

Romney will go instead to Ohio for appearances with Paul Ryan, his vice presidential running mate. Most polls give Obama a slim lead in Ohio, which has 18 electoral votes.

Obama canceled a campaign stop with former President Bill Clinton in Virginia on Monday as well as a trip to Colorado Springs, Colorado, on Tuesday because of the impending storm.

"The president is being regularly updated on the storm and ongoing preparations, and he has directed his team to continue to bring all available resources to bear as state and local partners continue to prepare for the storm," White House spokesman Jay Carney said in a statement.

With widespread concern that power blackouts in Sandy's wake could interfere with early balloting, lines at early voting stations stretched for blocks at some polling stations in Maryland, which began early voting on Saturday.

Polling sites in Virginia were also busy.

Eager to avoid any complaints that campaigning distracts from handling a potential natural disaster, the White House pointed out that Obama was briefed about Hurricane Sandy on board Air Force One as he traveled to New Hampshire.

"This is an example yet again of the president having to put his responsibilities as commander in chief and as leader of the country first while at the same time he pursues his responsibilities as candidate for election," White House spokesman Josh Earnest told reporters.

In such a close election, Obama does not want to be seen mishandling Sandy. White House officials are keenly aware of the severe criticism that President George W. Bush received for failing to react quickly to Hurricane Katrina in 2005.

Obama and Romney are in a late sprint to ensure that their supporters get out to the polls and to win over the dwindling pool of undecided voters in the eight or so battleground states where the election will be decided.

They remained in a statistical dead heat on Saturday in the daily Reuters/Ipsos online tracking poll. Obama led Romney by 47 percent to 45 percent, within the survey's credibility interval.

The poll also showed that support for the candidates was solidifying. Almost nine out of 10 of registered voters now say they will definitely vote for their candidate, leaving just 12 percent who say they could change their minds.

In contrast, an average of about 15 percent last week said they might still switch.

But more and more voters have already taken advantage of early voting programs and cast their ballots. Eighteen percent of respondents in the Reuters/Ipsos poll said their votes were in.

The U.S. election is not a true national poll, but a state-by-state contest in which 538 electoral votes are divided among the 50 states and Washington, D.C., roughly according to population.

With the majority of states solidly either Republican or Democratic, the fight for the "swing states" not firmly tied to either party is hugely important.

This year, there is a possibility one candidate could take enough states to win the electoral vote - and thus the White House - while trailing in the nationwide popular vote.

That last happened in the bitterly contested election of 2000, when Democrat Al Gore won half a million more votes nationally than Bush, but the Republican won the presidency because he ended up with more electoral votes.

(Additional reporting by Patricia Zengerle in McLean, Virginia and Jeff Mason in Washington, Writing by Patricia Zengerle and Deborah Charles; Editing by Alistair Bell and Peter Cooney)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/hurricane-sandy-looms-over-10-day-sprint-election-035014465.html

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US Superstorm threat launches mass evacuations

SHIP BOTTOM, N.J. (AP) ? Forget distinctions like tropical storm or hurricane. Don't get fixated on a particular track. Wherever it hits, the rare behemoth storm inexorably gathering in the eastern U.S. will afflict a third of the country with sheets of rain, high winds and heavy snow, say officials who warned millions in coastal areas to get out of the way.

"We're looking at impact of greater than 50 to 60 million people," said Louis Uccellini, head of environmental prediction for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

As Hurricane Sandy barreled north from the Caribbean ? where it left nearly five dozen dead ? to meet two other powerful winter storms, experts said it didn't matter how strong the storm was when it hit land: The rare hybrid storm that follows will cause havoc over 800 miles from the East Coast to the Great Lakes.

"This is not a coastal threat alone," said Craig Fugate, director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency. "This is a very large area."

New Jersey was set to close its casinos this weekend, New York's governor was considering shutting down the subways to avoid flooding and half a dozen states warned residents to prepare for several days of lost power.

Sandy weakened briefly to a tropical storm early Saturday but was soon back up to Category 1 strength, packing 75 mph winds about 335 miles southeast of Charleston, S.C., as of 5 p.m. Experts said the storm was most likely to hit the southern New Jersey coastline by late Monday or early Tuesday.

Governors from North Carolina, where heavy rain was expected Sunday, to Connecticut declared states of emergency. Delaware ordered mandatory evacuations for coastal communities by 8 p.m. Saturday.

New Jersey's Chris Christie, who was widely criticized for not interrupting a family vacation in Florida while a snowstorm pummeled the state in 2010, broke off campaigning for Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney in North Carolina Friday to return home.

"I can be as cynical as anyone," the pugnacious chief executive said in a bit of understatement Saturday. "But when the storm comes, if it's as bad as they're predicting, you're going to wish you weren't as cynical as you otherwise might have been."

The storm forced the presidential campaign to juggle schedules. Romney scrapped plans to campaign Sunday in the swing state of Virginia and switched his schedule for the day to Ohio. First lady Michelle Obama canceled an appearance in New Hampshire for Tuesday, and President Barack Obama moved a planned Monday departure for Florida to Sunday night to beat the storm.

In Ship Bottom, just north of Atlantic City, Alice and Giovanni Stockton-Rossini spent Saturday packing clothing in the back yard of their home, a few hundred yards from the ocean on Long Beach Island. Their neighborhood was under a voluntary evacuation order, but they didn't need to be forced.

"It's really frightening," Alice Stockton-Rossi said. "But you know how many times they tell you, 'This is it, it's really coming and it's really the big one' and then it turns out not to be? I'm afraid people will tune it out because of all the false alarms before, and the one time you need to take it seriously, you won't. This one might be the one."

A few blocks away, Russ Linke was taking no chances. He and his wife secured the patio furniture, packed the bicycles into the pickup truck, and headed off the island.

"I've been here since 1997, and I never even put my barbecue grill away during a storm. But I am taking this one seriously," he said.

What makes the storm so dangerous and unusual is that it is coming at the tail end of hurricane season and the beginning of winter storm season, "so it's kind of taking something from both," said Jeff Masters, director of the private service Weather Underground.

Masters said the storm could be bigger than the worst East Coast storm on record ? the 1938 New England hurricane known as the Long Island Express, which killed nearly 800 people. "Part hurricane, part nor'easter ? all trouble," he said. Experts said to expect high winds over 800 miles and up to 2 feet of snow as well inland as West Virginia.

And the storm was so big, and the convergence of the three storms so rare, that "we just can't pinpoint who is going to get the worst of it," said Rick Knabb, director of the National Hurricane Center in Miami.

Officials are particularly worried about the possibility of subway flooding in New York City, said Uccellini.

New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo told the Metropolitan Transportation Authority to prepare to shut the city's subways, buses and suburban trains by Sunday, but delayed making a final decision. The city shut the subways down before last year's Hurricane Irene, and a Columbia University study predicted that an Irene surge just 1 foot higher would have paralyzed lower Manhattan.

Up and down the Eastern Seaboard and far inland, officials urged residents and businesses to prepare in big ways and little.

The Virginia National Guard was authorized to call up to 500 troops to active duty for debris removal and road-clearing, while homeowners stacked sandbags at their front doors in coastal towns.

Utility officials warned rains could saturate the ground, causing trees to topple into power lines, and told residents to prepare for several days at home without power. "We're facing a very real possibility of widespread, prolonged power outages," said, Ruth Miller, spokeswoman for the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency.

Warren Ellis, who was on an annual fishing pilgrimage on North Carolina's Outer Banks, didn't act fast enough to get home.

Ellis' 73-year-old father, Steven, managed to get off uninhabited Portsmouth Island near Cape Hatteras by ferry Friday. But the son and his 10-foot camper got stranded when high winds and surf forced the ferry service to suspend operations Saturday.

"We might not get off here until Tuesday or Wednesday, which doesn't hurt my feelings that much," said Ellis, 44, of Amissville, Va. "Because the fishing's going to be really good after this storm."

Last year, Hurricane Irene poked a new inlet through the island, cutting the only road off Hatteras Island for about 4,000.

In Maine, lobsterman Greg Griffen wasn't taking any chances; he moved 100 of his traps to deep water, where they are more vulnerable to shifting and damage in a storm.

"Some of my competitors have been pulling their traps and taking them right home," said Griffen. The dire forecast "sort of encouraged them to pull the plug on the season."

In Muncy Valley north of Philadelphia, Rich Fry learned his lesson from last year, when Tropical Storm Lee inundated his Katie's Country Store.

In between helping customers picking up necessities Saturday, Fry was moving materials above the flood line. Fry said he was still trying to recover from the losses of last year's storm, which he and his wife, Deb, estimated at the time at $35,000 in merchandise.

"It will take a lot of years to cover that," he said.

Christie's emergency declaration will force the shutdown of Atlantic City's 12 casinos for only the fourth time in the 34-year history of legalized gambling here. The approach of Hurricane Irene shut down the casinos for three days last August.

Atlantic City officials said they would begin evacuating the gambling hub's 30,000 residents at noon Sunday, busing them to mainland shelters and schools.

Tom Foley, Atlantic City's emergency management director, recalled the March 1962 storm when the ocean and the bay met in the center of the city.

"This is predicted to get that bad," he said.

Mike Labarbera, who came from Brooklyn to gamble at the Trump Taj Mahal Casino Resort, thought the caution was overblown.

"I think it's stupid," he said. "I don't think it's going to be a hurricane. I think they're overreacting."

Ray Leonard disagreed, and has a famous storm survival story to back him up.

Leonard rode out 1991's infamous "perfect storm", made famous by the Sebastian Junger bestseller of the same name, with two cremates in his 32-foot sailboat, Satori, before being plucked from the Atlantic off Martha's Vineyard, Mass., by a Coast Guard helicopter.

The 85-year-old former sailor said Saturday that if he had loved ones living in the projected landfall area, he would tell them to leave.

"Don't be rash," Leonard said in a telephone interview Saturday from his home in Fort Myers, Fla. "Because if this does hit, you're going to lose all those little things you've spent the last 20 years feeling good about."

___

Breed reported from Raleigh, N.C. Contributing to this report were AP Science Writer Seth Borenstein in Washington; Emery Dalesio in Kill Devil Hills, N.C.; Karen Matthews in New York; Glenn Adams in Augusta, Maine; Randall Chase in Lewes, Del.; Rodrique Ngowi in Boston; Ron Todt in Philadelphia and Nancy Benac in Washington.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-10-27-Superstorm/id-80ec6dd6ad7c48f0ab3aa04b1f4c3508

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Saturday, October 27, 2012

Interior e-Design for the Masses | Metropolis POV | Metropolis ...

Newport Beach, California?based interior designer Brooke Shepherdson, founder of Brooke Elizabeth Design, is experimenting with a new form of design delivery aimed at small budget, low-maintenance clients with a service option called ?e-design?. With the economy in a lull and after having her first baby last year, she was looking for new ways to work from home while raising a child, so that she could continue to engage with clients who love her style but either live in New York or simply don?t require a full range of services. She realized there was an untapped market of prospective clients interested in a streamlined design process; an e-design option would be ideal for do-it-yourselfers, someone living in a remote location or anyone on a limited budget who just needs a little design help.

FLINT FLOOR PLAN

?People love the idea, and it makes a lot of sense in these economic times,? Shepherdson says. ?I?ve found that my clients love to shop on their own, and with so many online retailers, they have the opportunity to find great items themselves, but they?ve all told me, they don?t know how to pull it all together or make the items they love fit well in their own personal space.?

FLINT EXISTING FURNITURE

In response, Shepherdson designed a custom solution: For an affordable flat fee (starting at $800), and after the client supplies photos and dimensions of the space, she delivers an inspirational design board displaying images and sketches, a scaled floor plan, furnishings selections, shopping list, and finally a step-by-step guide to assembling the space.

FLINT INSPIRATION

The program has been in place for about a year, appealing mostly to residential clients, but Shepherdson sees it as a good alternative for small businesses as well. ?Small businesses often don?t have a budget for interior design but want a professional and welcoming environment.?E-design is the perfect answer,? she says.

FLINT PROPOSED FURNITURE

Shepherdson?s e-service program is still in its infancy, so it?s too early to tell if this new business model will be successful. It is, however, a smart solution when facing real life constraints?paperless, affordable, small-scale interior design. Not only does it make an elite service profession more accessible, its use of digital tools makes it, quite possibly, the future of the profession. Now, all you need is an i-phone app that can take reliable dimensions of the space in question, and you?ll be able to redesign a space with just a phone and a bank account! Here are some examples of projects she completed for clients in New York.

Laurie Manfra is a freelance architecture and design journalist based on Long Island. She can be reached at morningglory1978@gmail.com.

Tags: $800, Brooke Elizabeth Design, Brooke Shepherdson, budget, e-Design, flat fee, Interior Design, interior designer, Interior e-Design for the Masses, little design help, New York, Newport Beach, professional design, professional look, services, shop on your own, small business

Source: http://www.metropolismag.com/pov/20121026/interior-e-design-for-the-masses

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EXCLUSIVE: Selleck Dishes On Fatherhood, Family And 'Blue Bloods'

In Blue Bloods, Tom Selleck (right) stars as Frank Reagan, the New York Chief of Police.  (Photo: Heather Wines 2010 CBS Broadcasting Inc.)

In Blue Bloods, Tom Selleck (right) stars as Frank Reagan, the New York Chief of Police. (Photo: Heather Wines 2010 CBS Broadcasting Inc.)

NEW YORK (CBS 2) ? He has been a Hollywood idol for years.

Tom Selleck spends his Fridays starring as the New York City Police commissioner on ?Blue Bloods.? But he told CBS 2 exclusively his most important role has nothing to do with television or movies.

?It?s not the Waltons, but it?s a family,? Selleck said recently.

There may be killers to catch and family drama, but for the crime-fighting Reagans of Blue Bloods there?s always time for one another at dinner.

?It?s a rather unsentimental family, but it is how this tough family deals with not only the problems of their job but the things that come home with him,? Selleck said.

While filming one of the dinner scenes in Brooklyn that the show has become known for, Selleck took a break to talk with CBS 2?s Ann Mercogliano. On his mind that day was his real life family.

Selleck said his most important role has always been fatherhood. While busy filming other TV series and films decades ago, he selected books to read to his daughter, but only ones that depicted the dad as a good guy.

?I read to her all the time when she was little, and I said ?Hannah, I?m not going to read these to you.? She said ?Why daddy?? I said because the dad?s always an idiot,? Selleck said.

When Selleck talks about playing Police Commissioner Frank Reagan, he is acutely aware of his character?s flaws.

?I?m playing the patriarch of a family. I think Frank is sometimes an idiot and sometimes makes mistakes, but part of what he tries to be is a good dad,? Selleck said.

Even for this Hollywood veteran, getting the audience to like his character is a challenge, Selleck said.

?It?s hard to play leaders. You can?t show fear. You can?t show emotion, all those human emotions the audience wants to see,? he said.

In the early days, Selleck?s fans wanted to see something else, namely the heartthrob actor shirtless. His career took off in the early 1980s with ?Magnum P.I.,? playing the ladies? favorite private eye in Hawaii.

?The only thing that?s dated are those silly little shorts I wore,? Selleck said. ?The thing I take from Magnum is the lesson of television. The shooting and making of it is very difficult. You spend more time than you do with your family.?

Now in the third season of Blue Bloods, it?s the viewers and his TV family that he?s focusing on.

?We have people that they come to know and I think root for, and a family that they root for,? Selleck said.

And at the end of the day, that?s what it?s all about for Selleck off screen and on.

CBS 2?s Mercogliano took another tidbit from the interview. There are rumors of a third installment to the ?Three Men and a Baby? franchise. Selleck said he?d love to do ?Three Men and a Bride.?

Please offer your thoughts in the comments section below ?

Source: http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2012/10/26/exclusive-selleck-on-fatherhood-family-and-how-they-relate-to-blue-bloods/

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Health and Fitness ? Weight Loss Secrets ? 4413th Edition | Health ...

Being active makes a person healthy and strong. It is not just for people who have a weight problem but for everyone who likes to stay fit.

There is a lot a person can do such jog or walk every morning, play basketball or any other sport with friends but if a person wants to have muscles and look lean, then one can sign up and workout in a gym.

People workout for 3 reasons;

The first is that the person is overweight and the only way to lose those extra pounds will be to reduce ones calorie intake and at the same time workout in the gym.

The second is that the person is underweight and the only way to add extra pounds is to have more calories in ones diet and workout.

The third is just for fun and to keep that person in shape.

The best exercise plan should have cardiovascular and weight training exercises. This helps burn calories and increase the muscle to fat ratio that will increase ones metabolism and gain or lose weight.

Just like taking any medicine, one should first consult the doctor before undergoing any form of exercise.

Here are some benefits of exercising;

1. It is the easiest way to maintain and improve ones health from a variety of diseases and premature death.

2. Studies have shown that it makes a person feels happier and increases ones self esteem preventing one from falling into depression or anxiety.

3. An active lifestyle makes a person live longer than a person who doesn?t.

Working out for someone who has not done it before should be done gradually. Endurance will not be built in a day and doing it repeatedly will surely be beneficial to the person.

It is advisable to workout regularly with a reasonable diet.

A person can consult with a dietitian or a health professional to really help plan a good diet program. It starts by evaluating the lifestyle and the health of the patient before any program can be made.

Afterwards, this is thoroughly discussed and recommended to the person which usually consists of an eating plan and an exercise program that does not require the use of supplements or one to purchase any expensive fitness equipment.

A good diet should have food from all the food groups.

This is made up by 2 things. The first is carbohydrates. The food that a person consumes should have vitamins, minerals and fiber. A lot of this can come from oats, rice, potatoes and cereals. The best still come from vegetables and fruits since these have phytochemicals, enzymes and micronutrients that are essential for a healthy diet.

The second is fat which can come from mono and poly saturated food sources rather than animal fats. Since fat contains more than double the number of calories in food, this should be taken in small quantities to gain or lose weight.

Another way to stay healthy is to give up some vices. Most people smoke and drink. Smoking has been proven to cause lung cancer and other diseases as well complications for women giving birth. Excessive drinking has also shown to do the same.

For people who don?t smoke, it is best to stay away from people who do since studies have shown that nonsmokers are also at risk of developing cancer due to secondary smoke inhalation.

John Seeley is free lance writer Who writes about health, the environment and development, issues he cares deeply about. For specific tips, old and new, to help women and men meet the current perception of our societal definition of beauty and masculinity. Visit http://www.GetHealthyBody.com

Article Source: Health and Fitness ? Weight Loss Secrets

By articlespan.com
Yaab

Source: http://healthblog.agoodplace4all.com/health-and-fitness-weight-loss-secrets-4413th-edition/

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Amazon reports weak results, shares slip

SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Amazon.com Inc reported weak quarterly results on Thursday as the world's largest Internet retailer spent heavily and suffered from an economic slowdown in Europe.

Amazon shares slipped slightly to $221 in after-hours trading after the results.

The company said its third-quarter net loss was $274 million, or 60 cents a share, versus net income of $63 million, or 14 cents a share, in the third quarter of 2011. Part of the loss was related to an impairment charge from Amazon's investment in daily deal company LivingSocial.

Third-quarter revenue was $13.81 billion, up 27 percent from a year earlier, Amazon also said.

Amazon was expected to lose 8 cents a share in the third quarter on revenue of $13.9 billion, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.

Before Thursday's report, Amazon had generated 18 straight quarters of net income, according to BGC Partners.

For the crucial fourth-quarter holiday shopping period, Amazon forecast revenue that missed analysts' expectations. The company also gave a wide forecast for operating income in the period.

"There's increased competition from mass merchants and big box retailers embedded in that guidance," said RJ Hottovy, an equity analyst at Morningstar. "There's a lot of competition this holiday and it's not clear how this will play out, even for smart operators like Amazon."

Amazon is facing more competition this holiday season from big retailers such as Target and Best Buy, which are planning to match some of the company's prices online.

Wal-Mart Stores, the world's largest retailer, is also testing same-day delivery in some cities this holiday, while Target is selling more exclusive products that cannot be bought at lower prices online.

Amazon is also spending heavily on new distribution warehouses and technology to support its cloud-computing businesses, Amazon Web Services. It is also investing hundreds of millions of dollars a year on digital content to sell through its Kindle tablets and e-readers.

Those Kindle gadgets are being sold at cost, pressuring earnings in the short term. Amazon hopes to make money when customers use them to buy more physical and digital products from the company.

Europe's sovereign debt crisis and recession is reducing consumer demand, sparking concern that even fast-growing Internet companies may be affected.

EBay Chief Financial Officer Bob Swan said last week that the company expected an "OK" holiday season, partly because of macro pressure in Europe.

Amazon said on Thursday that revenue from North America was $7.88 billion, up 25 percent from a year earlier. International sales, including Europe, totaled $5.92 billion, up 17 percent from the same period in 2011.

(Reporting By Alistair Barr; Editing by M.D. Golan)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/amazon-reports-big-quarterly-net-loss-201043409--sector.html

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Friday, October 26, 2012

Black widow's tango mortale in gamma-ray light: Scientists discover record-breaking millisecond pulsar with new analysis method

ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2012) ? Pulsars are the compact remnants from explosions of massive stars. Some of them spin around their own axis hundreds of times per second, emitting beams of radiation into space. Until now, they could only be found through their pulsed radio emissions. Now, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute/AEI) in Hanover assisted by the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy have discovered a millisecond pulsar solely via its pulsed gamma radiation. A new data analysis method developed by the AEI was crucial for the success. The pulsar is accompanied by an unusual sub-stellar partner, which it is vaporizing, hence the name "black widow."

Back in 1994, astronomers discovered a source of strong gamma-rays in the constellation of Centaurus. They suspected that a pulsar was the origin of the energetic radiation. Now, a team of scientists led by Holger Pletsch from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute, AEI) has solved the mystery and identified the culprit: the millisecond gamma-ray pulsar PSR J1311-3430. The development of a new data analysis method by the AEI scientists enabled the discovery, since rapidly spinning pulsars are extremely difficult to find.

To unambiguously identify a gamma-ray pulsar, astronomers must know its properties to very high precision. This includes its position, spin frequency, and how the latter changes over time. If the pulsar is in a binary system, the analysis problem is even more complicated: at least three additional orbital parameters have to be determined as well.

In the case of PSR J1311-3430 astronomers had already observed the companion, which is heated by the radiation from the pulsar, with optical telescopes. They were thus able to partially constrain the orbital parameters and confine the position of the pulsar.

"We developed a particularly efficient method to search the data from NASA's Fermi satellite for gamma-ray millisecond pulsars, including those in binary systems. Only this method enabled us to probe the wide parameter ranges," says Holger Pletsch, lead author of the article published in Science. The new analysis method enables scientists to conduct a 'blind search' for gamma-ray millisecond pulsars for the first time -- right up to very high spinning frequencies.

The scientists analysed the Fermi data on the Atlas computer cluster at the AEI. "Our search used data collected by the gamma-ray satellite over a total of four years. Very soon after we started running the analysis, a clear signal showed up in the results. What we saw was very exciting," says Pletsch.

PSR J1311-3430 spins 390 times per second, emitting gamma-ray photons into space in the form of a beam, similar to a lighthouse. In roughly one in a million revolutions of the pulsar, a single photon reaches the detector on board Fermi.

The gamma-ray signal also reveals much about the companion to the astronomers: the orbital motion of the binary system modulates the photon arrival times, yielding information about the partner star. "The companion object is small and unusually dense," says AEI Director Bruce Allen. "It is at least eight times as massive as the planet Jupiter, but has at most 60 percent the planet's radius."

From this information, the researchers calculated the density of the companion, which turned out to be unusually high; it is around 30 times as dense as the Sun. Presumably, the small companion is the compact remnant of a star which has been orbiting the pulsar since earlier times. Over time, the pulsar accreted matter from the star, thereby accelerating its rotation. Pulsar and companion moved closer and closer together.

"At present, the remaining stellar core, which presumably consists mainly of helium, is heated by the radiation from the pulsar and literally evaporated," says Holger Pletsch. Astronomers call this type of pulsar a 'black widow', in analogy with a species of spider which kills the smaller male after mating. In the distant future, PSR J1311-4330 might possibly completely vaporize its companion and from then on travel through space alone.

And that's not all: "Our discovery is not only a first, it also sets several new records," explains Bruce Allen. Currently, the odd couple is orbiting its common centre of mass on an almost perfect circular trajectory in only 93 minutes. This is the shortest known orbital period of all pulsars in binary systems.

At a distance of only 1.4 Earth-Moon separations, the binary system is the closest one known to date with a pulsar. The pulsar is speeding along its circular orbit with at least 13,000 kilometres per hour. Its light-weight companion is even faster, at up to 2.8 million kilometres per hour.

Holger Pletsch and his colleagues also had a close look at older observations with the Green Bank radio telescope in West Virginia, but were unable to find the fast pulsar here. "Apparently, the cloud of vaporized material from the companion absorbs most of the radio wave emissions from the pulsar and possibly makes it invisible to radio telescopes," says Lucas Guillemot from the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy in Bonn, co-author of the publication. The scientists are already planning further observations at higher radio frequencies. They hope to use them to accurately determine the object's distance from Earth, for example.

Systems like this provide astronomers with new insights into the evolution of very close binary systems, which are as yet still incompletely understood. PSR J1311-3430 could also shed new light on the generation of the gamma-ray photons and radio emissions in the strong magnetic field of pulsars. The pulsar may just be the tip of the iceberg: many other unidentified gamma-ray sources may harbour similarly unusual systems. Thirty years after the discovery of the first millisecond pulsar in the radio range, the novel analysis method of the Max Planck researchers at the AEI has opened a new door to the easier identification of these elusive celestial objects.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. H. J. Pletsch et al. Binary Millisecond Pulsar Discovery via Gamma-Ray Pulsations. Science, 2012 DOI: 10.1126/science.1229054

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/space_time/astronomy/~3/luBaJN_0o-w/121025140712.htm

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CCSVI and Multiple Sclerosis: What's the Link?

People with a lifelong condition like multiple sclerosis (MS) are always on the lookout for a new treatment that might improve, or even cure, their disease. In the last few years, there's been a lot of buzz about a vein condition called CCSVI and its possible connection to MS.

However, this connection is very controversial. Some researchers say treating CCSVI can relieve MS symptoms. Others say CCSVI isn't even real. They compare it to the snake venom, bee stings, and other dubious "cures" that have been proposed to treat MS over the years.

So what is CCSVI? Could it be the next big breakthrough in MS research? Or is it just a false theory with a potentially dangerous treatment?

CCSVI Explained

CCSVI stands for chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency. It's a narrowing of veins in the neck and chest that carry blood away from the brain and spinal cord. The theory is that when blood flow is slowed, it backs up into the brain and spinal cord and leads to oxygen loss and iron deposits in the brain.

In 2009, Italian researcher Paolo Zamboni, MD, first introduced the idea that CCSVI might cause MS, or make its symptoms worse. When he used ultrasound to compare the blood vessels of people with and without MS, he found abnormal blood flow in 100% of the people with MS, but in 0% of people without MS.

Does CCSVI Really Exist?

Zamboni's findings sound impressive. But when other researchers have tried to copy his research, they haven't gotten the same results.

  • Some studies have found that CCSVI is more common in people with MS than in healthy people -- but not nearly as common as Zamboni found.
  • Other studies have reported CCSVI in almost exactly the same number of healthy people as in people with MS.
  • Some researchers have also found CCSVI in people with other nervous system conditions.

These differences in results raise questions about whether CCSVI is a real condition and how it relates to MS. "When something is true, it is replicated. This is how science works," says David A. Hafler, MD, chairman of the Yale School of Medicine department of neurology.

Why have researchers gotten such different results? One reason is that research teams use different criteria to evaluate CCSVI.

"The way the ultrasound is conducted is not yet standardized," says Robert Fox, MD, staff neurologist and medical director at the Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center for MS. "It's not like getting a blood count."?He found that when people were examined with different types of scans, the number of CCSVI cases changed.

The difference in results could also have to do with something as basic as how much water study participants had to drink before their scans. "If you don't have a lot of volume in the veins they're going to collapse down," Fox says. When he had study participants drink Gatorade before their ultrasound, many of them no longer had signs of CCSVI. "Once you fill up the veins, you have much more blood flowing through them, and they're much more plump."

Even though researchers are still divided on whether CCSVI exists, some studies have started looking at the effects of treating it with surgery.

Source: http://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/features/ccsvi-and-multiple-sclerosis?src=RSS_PUBLIC

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Thursday, October 25, 2012

Use an Elevator Pitch to Pitch a Meeting About Your Project, Not Your Idea

Use an Elevator Pitch to Pitch a Meeting About Your Project, Not Your IdeaElevator pitches are a great way to condense a complex idea into a small amount of time so you can get the idea in front of someone who matters. Author Seth Godin recommends you pitch for a meeting, not the idea itself.

Essentially, the idea is to use that brief amount of time when you're in front of the powers-that-be to get a meeting so you can really pitch your project in full. Godin explains:

The best elevator pitch doesn't pitch your project. It pitches the meeting about your project. The best elevator pitch is true, stunning, brief and it leaves the listener eager (no, desperate) to hear the rest of it. It's not a practiced, polished turd of prose that pleases everyone on the board and your marketing team, it's a little fractal of the entire story, something real.

Of course, the elevator pitch isn't exclusive to elevators. It's useful when you need to pitch an idea?any idea?to anyone you want to work with. Godin's suggestion is that when you compress that idea into a two minute overview, the idea only loses a bit in the process. It also makes it a lot easier for someone to say "no." When you pitch the meeting, your ensuring you get the idea in front of people who matter, and it becomes a real conversation as opposed to an announcement.

No one ever bought anything on an elevator | Seth Godin

Photo remixed from Derek Key.

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/Lo8nwwUJzU4/use-an-elevator-pitch-to-pitch-a-meeting-about-your-project-not-your-idea

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Pearson in talks over Penguin-Random House merger

(AP) ? British publishing and education company Pearson PLC says it is in talks with German media group Bertelsmann SE over merging the firms' Penguin and Random House publishing operations.

Pearson said Thursday it "is discussing with Bertelsmann a possible combination of Penguin and Random House" but added that there is no certainty the talks will lead to a transaction.

Pearson is publisher of the Financial Times and Penguin Group books. Bertelsmann's assets include the RTL Group television division and magazine publisher Gruner + Jahr.

The talks come at a time when the publishing industry is being buffeted by the growing e-book market.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-10-25-Britain-Pearson-Bertelsmann/id-3a2f5274a0c142e1a0776f29eac88e6d

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Netflix reaches 30m streaming members

Netflix Inc. said it now has more than 30 million streaming members worldwide, including more than 25 million in the U.S.

On Tuesday, the online movie rental company said in its third-quarter earnings announcement that it had 29 million streaming members.

Netflix collected 10 million members in 2009, a decade after it launched its DVD-by-mail service in the U.S. That number jumped to 20 million members by the end of 2010 with what the company called "widespread adoption" of its streaming video service in the U.S. and Canada.

It said the expansion over the last 22 months comes both from the continued growth of U.S. and Canadian streaming subscribers as well as the introduction of the Netflix "watch instantly" service to new markets in Latin America and Europe. Netflix is currently available in 51 countries, with Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland the most recent additions.

Netflix, which originally built its business around DVDs delivered by mail, has been stepping up efforts over the past year to convert users to more-profitable services that deliver movies and TV shows over the Internet. The company's customer base has improved--though at times below what Wall Street was looking for--following its 60% price increase last year on a popular subscription and a since-aborted plan to spin off its DVD-rental service into a separate business.

The company has warned that its efforts to expand in international markets would hurt its bottom-line results and also has noted that its DVD business would see declines for the foreseeable future.

Earlier this week, Netflix said its third-quarter earnings declined 88% as the online movie rental company's higher subscription costs pressured margins, though subscriber growth met its expectations.

The company had said it added about 1.2 million U.S. subscribers to its online video service from the previous quarter, bringing the total to 25.1 million. It also said it had 4.3 million subscribers in its international business, a 19% increase from the prior quarter.

Shares edged down 31 cents to $59.81 in recent premarket trading. The stock is off 22% in the past 12 months.

...

Source: http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?ID=477321

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Wednesday, October 24, 2012

Hollande's support raises Irish hopes of bank debt relief deal

The Irish Times - Tuesday, October 23, 2012

RUADH?N Mac CORMAIC in Paris and DEREK SCALLY in Berlin

PRESIDENT FRAN?OIS Hollande has promised French support for Ireland in its efforts to secure a bank debt deal, lifting Irish hopes of an agreement after a round of frenetic diplomacy.

Mr Hollande said Ireland was ?a special case? and must be treated as such when euro zone finance ministers negotiate a deal on how to break the link between sovereign and bank debt over the coming months.

German chancellor Angela Merkel caused consternation in Dublin last Friday when she said historic or ?legacy? debt would not be covered by the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) rescue fund, echoing earlier remarks by her finance minister Wolfgang Sch?uble.

Her comments appeared to derail Ireland?s efforts to ease its multibillion-euro bank debt burden.

However, she and Taoiseach Enda Kenny issued a joint statement on Sunday affirming that the ?unique circumstances? of Ireland?s economic crisis required a special approach.

After a 50-minute meeting with Mr Kenny at the ?lys?e Palace in Paris yesterday, Mr Hollande endorsed Dublin?s position and said Ireland had to be dealt with as a special case.

?The Irish specificity is that for several months there had already been a recapitalisation of banks through the budget, which further exacerbated Ireland?s debt and forced it to impose a tough austerity programme,? Mr Hollande said.

?Ireland is a special case and should be treated as such.?

Asked by The Irish Times if this meant he agreed that the ESM bailout fund should pay for historic banking losses, the president replied: ?Yes. Ireland is asking that its specific situation should be taken into account ? that it had to recapitalise its banks with its own means. The eurogroup will take this specificity into account.?

The Government hopes the carefully weighted language in the statement between Mr Kenny and Dr Merkel ? repeated by Mr Hollande ? has reopened the door to a deal that would make good on a pledge by European leaders in June to sever the loop between sovereign and bank debt.

Mr Kenny said Ireland was a special case because it had a European remedy ?imposed upon it? when the banking sector collapsed.

?Ireland was the first and only country which had a European position imposed upon it, in the sense that there wasn?t the opportunity, if the Government wished, to do it their way by burning bondholders,? he said.

?The Irish public and Irish taxpayer were required to service the full extent of the debt, which was a situation we?re trying to reduce by the negotiations which are going on.?

The question of who takes responsibility for ?legacy? banking debts has divided Germany and France. Last Friday in Brussels, Dr Merkel dismissed ?retrospective recapitalisation? of banks, saying such a move would be possible only for future debts, under an EU banking regulatory regime.

But French officials say it was clear that including old debt was in the spirit of the June deal, and hope finance ministers can reach a technical accord by the end of the year.

In Berlin, government spokesman Steffen Seibert reiterated the thrust of Sunday?s joint statement, saying the fact that Ireland had put large amounts of taxpayers? money into its banks would be taken into account by finance ministers. ?Sunday?s statement is naturally a strengthening of what [European leaders] agreed in June,? he said.

At a summit in Brussels last week, EU leaders agreed to set up the legal framework for a European banking supervisor ? a key step towards the direct recapitalisation of banks ? by the end of the year. Mr Hollande said he believed recapitalisations could begin next year.

In Paris for his first visit as Taoiseach, Mr Kenny briefed his French counterpart on Ireland?s preparations for its EU presidency, which begins in January.

The two men also discussed forthcoming talks on the seven-year EU budget, with Mr Hollande saying they were ?in complete agreement? on agricultural policy and structural funds.

Source: http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/frontpage/2012/1023/1224325579282.html

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A Good Debate for Obama, But Can He Stop Romney? (Atlantic Politics Channel)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories Stories, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/257532701?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Hovering water droplets zip around like UFOs

Sandrine Ceurstemont, editor, New Scientist TV

It may look like a launch pad for UFOs but the floating objects in this video are actually hovering drops of water. Thanks to a new technique developed by Kripa Varanasi from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and colleagues, condensing drops of water are able to zip around like pucks on an air hockey table, a behaviour that could be exploited to make industrial condensers more efficient.

To make the drops levitate, the team coated a water-repellent surface of tiny bumps with a lubricant. When water condensed on the untreated surface, it formed droplets that were pinned in place (see video above). But on the thin slippery layer, they zip around at a speed never seen before on a hydrophobic surface.

The high velocity allows condensed droplets to move out of the way so that new ones can form. That could be useful in power plants, where condensers turn steam from generators back into water, and in desalination plants, where condensers are key. By increasing the rate of droplet formation, the new technique should speed up such processes.

The work will be presented next month at the American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics conference in San Diego, California.

If you enjoyed this post, see how a superconducting disc can be locked in upside-down levitation or watch a nanorocket propel itself through a liquid.

Journal reference: ACS Nano, DOI: 10.1021/nn303867y

Subscribe to New Scientist Magazine

Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/24c90013/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Cblogs0Cnstv0C20A120C10A0Chovering0Ewater0Edroplets0Ezip0Earound0Elike0Eufos0Bhtml0Dcmpid0FRSS0QNSNS0Q20A120EGLOBAL0Qonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Tuesday, October 23, 2012

Goldman Sachs removes Monster Beverage from conviction buy list

(Reuters) - Goldman Sachs removed Monster Beverage Corp from its conviction buy list after the U.S. Food and Drug Administration said it was investigating reports of five deaths that may be linked to the company's namesake energy drinks.

Shares of the company, which makes drinks such as Java Monster, Monster Rehab, and X-Presso Monster, fell 7 percent to $42.38 in late morning trade on Tuesday.

Monster is also being sued by the family of a 14-year-old Maryland girl with a heart condition who died after drinking two cans of its Monster energy drink in a 24-hour period.

The FDA said on Monday it was investigating possible links between the company's drinks and five deaths.

"While the FDA has yet to establish a causal link between these deaths and the drink, we believe MNST shares could be range-bound in the near term," analyst Judy Hong wrote in the note.

As of Monday, Monster's stock had fallen 5.7 percent since being added to Goldman's conviction buy list on January 16, the brokerage said in the note. The broader S&P 500 index rose by 11.2 percent during the same period.

Hong, however, maintained her "buy" rating on the stock saying that significant risk has already been priced into the stock.

"We do not believe these headlines will impact MNST's sales growth in the US nor do we believe the ultimate legal and regulatory outcome will be a significantly onerous one."

Monster Beverage's shares were down 5.6 percent at $43.12 on the Nasdaq.

(Reporting by Siddharth Cavale; Editing by Sreejiraj Eluvangal)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/goldman-sachs-removes-monster-beverage-conviction-buy-list-145241850--finance.html

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Clue to cause of Alzheimer's dementia found in brain samples

Clue to cause of Alzheimer's dementia found in brain samples [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 22-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Julia Evangelou Strait
straitj@wustl.edu
314-286-0141
Washington University School of Medicine

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found a key difference in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and those who are cognitively normal but still have brain plaques that characterize this type of dementia.

"There is a very interesting group of people whose thinking and memory are normal, even late in life, yet their brains are full of amyloid beta plaques that appear to be identical to what's seen in Alzheimer's disease," says David L. Brody, MD, PhD, associate professor of neurology. "How this can occur is a tantalizing clinical question. It makes it clear that we don't understand exactly what causes dementia."

Hard plaques made of a protein called amyloid beta are always present in the brain of a person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, according to Brody. But the simple presence of plaques does not always result in impaired thinking and memory. In other words, the plaques are necessary but not sufficient to cause Alzheimer's dementia.

The new study, available online in Annals of Neurology, still implicates amyloid beta in causing Alzheimer's dementia, but not necessarily in the form of plaques. Instead, smaller molecules of amyloid beta dissolved in the brain fluid appear more closely correlated with whether a person develops symptoms of dementia. Called amyloid beta "oligomers," they contain more than a single molecule of amyloid beta but not so many that they form a plaque.

Oligomers floating in brain fluid have long been suspected to have a role in Alzheimer's disease. But they are difficult to measure. Most methods only detect their presence or absence, or very large quantities. Brody and his colleagues developed a sensitive method to count even small numbers of oligomers in brain fluid and used it to compare amounts in their samples.

The researchers examined samples of brain tissue and fluid from 33 deceased elderly subjects (ages 74 to 107). Ten subjects were normal no plaques and no dementia. Fourteen had plaques, but no dementia. And nine had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease both plaques and dementia.

They found that cognitively normal patients with plaques and Alzheimer's patients both had the same amount of plaque, but the Alzheimer's patients had much higher oligomer levels.

But even oligomer levels did not completely distinguish the two groups. For example, some people with plaques but without dementia still had oligomers, even in similar quantity to some patients with Alzheimer's disease. Where the two groups differed completely, according to Brody and his colleagues, was the ratio of oligomers to plaques. They measured more oligomers per plaque in patients with dementia, and fewer oligomers per plaque in the samples from cognitively normal people.

In people with plaques but no dementia, Brody speculates that the plaques could serve as a buffer, binding with free oligomers and keeping them tied down. And in dementia, perhaps the plaques have exceeded their capacity to capture the oligomers, leaving them free to float in the brain's fluid, where they can damage or interfere with neurons.

Brody cautions that, due to the difficulty in getting samples, oligomer levels have never been measured in living people. Therefore, it's possible these floating clumps of amyloid beta only form after death. Even so, he says, there is still a clear difference between the two groups.

"The plaques and oligomers appear to be in some kind of equilibrium," Brody says. "What happens to shift the relationship between the oligomers and plaques? Like much Alzheimer's research, this study raises more questions than it answers. But it's an important next piece of the puzzle."

###

Esparza TJ, Zhao H, Cirrito JR, Cairns NJ, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM, Brody DL. Amyloid-beta oligomerization in Alzheimer dementia versus high-pathology controls. Annals of Neurology. Accepted Article, Online Sept. 1, 2012.

This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a Burroughs Wellcome Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences, the Thrasher Research Fund, the National Institute on Aging, the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University, the Cure Alzheimer's Fund, and the NIH Neuroscience Blueprint Core Grant to Washington University. Grant numbers: NIH R01 NS065069, NIH K08 NS049237, NIH AG13956, NIH AG029524, NIH K-23-AG03094601, NIH R-01-NS065667, NIH P50-AG05681, NIH P30 NS057105, and NIH P01-AG03991. Human brain and CSF samples were provided by the Washington University Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.

Washington University School of Medicine's 2,100 employed and volunteer faculty physicians also are the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals. The School of Medicine is one of the leading medical research, teaching and patient care institutions in the nation, currently ranked sixth in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. Through its affiliations with Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals, the School of Medicine is linked to BJC HealthCare.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Clue to cause of Alzheimer's dementia found in brain samples [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 22-Oct-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Julia Evangelou Strait
straitj@wustl.edu
314-286-0141
Washington University School of Medicine

Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have found a key difference in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and those who are cognitively normal but still have brain plaques that characterize this type of dementia.

"There is a very interesting group of people whose thinking and memory are normal, even late in life, yet their brains are full of amyloid beta plaques that appear to be identical to what's seen in Alzheimer's disease," says David L. Brody, MD, PhD, associate professor of neurology. "How this can occur is a tantalizing clinical question. It makes it clear that we don't understand exactly what causes dementia."

Hard plaques made of a protein called amyloid beta are always present in the brain of a person diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, according to Brody. But the simple presence of plaques does not always result in impaired thinking and memory. In other words, the plaques are necessary but not sufficient to cause Alzheimer's dementia.

The new study, available online in Annals of Neurology, still implicates amyloid beta in causing Alzheimer's dementia, but not necessarily in the form of plaques. Instead, smaller molecules of amyloid beta dissolved in the brain fluid appear more closely correlated with whether a person develops symptoms of dementia. Called amyloid beta "oligomers," they contain more than a single molecule of amyloid beta but not so many that they form a plaque.

Oligomers floating in brain fluid have long been suspected to have a role in Alzheimer's disease. But they are difficult to measure. Most methods only detect their presence or absence, or very large quantities. Brody and his colleagues developed a sensitive method to count even small numbers of oligomers in brain fluid and used it to compare amounts in their samples.

The researchers examined samples of brain tissue and fluid from 33 deceased elderly subjects (ages 74 to 107). Ten subjects were normal no plaques and no dementia. Fourteen had plaques, but no dementia. And nine had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease both plaques and dementia.

They found that cognitively normal patients with plaques and Alzheimer's patients both had the same amount of plaque, but the Alzheimer's patients had much higher oligomer levels.

But even oligomer levels did not completely distinguish the two groups. For example, some people with plaques but without dementia still had oligomers, even in similar quantity to some patients with Alzheimer's disease. Where the two groups differed completely, according to Brody and his colleagues, was the ratio of oligomers to plaques. They measured more oligomers per plaque in patients with dementia, and fewer oligomers per plaque in the samples from cognitively normal people.

In people with plaques but no dementia, Brody speculates that the plaques could serve as a buffer, binding with free oligomers and keeping them tied down. And in dementia, perhaps the plaques have exceeded their capacity to capture the oligomers, leaving them free to float in the brain's fluid, where they can damage or interfere with neurons.

Brody cautions that, due to the difficulty in getting samples, oligomer levels have never been measured in living people. Therefore, it's possible these floating clumps of amyloid beta only form after death. Even so, he says, there is still a clear difference between the two groups.

"The plaques and oligomers appear to be in some kind of equilibrium," Brody says. "What happens to shift the relationship between the oligomers and plaques? Like much Alzheimer's research, this study raises more questions than it answers. But it's an important next piece of the puzzle."

###

Esparza TJ, Zhao H, Cirrito JR, Cairns NJ, Bateman RJ, Holtzman DM, Brody DL. Amyloid-beta oligomerization in Alzheimer dementia versus high-pathology controls. Annals of Neurology. Accepted Article, Online Sept. 1, 2012.

This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), a Burroughs Wellcome Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences, the Thrasher Research Fund, the National Institute on Aging, the Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Washington University, the Cure Alzheimer's Fund, and the NIH Neuroscience Blueprint Core Grant to Washington University. Grant numbers: NIH R01 NS065069, NIH K08 NS049237, NIH AG13956, NIH AG029524, NIH K-23-AG03094601, NIH R-01-NS065667, NIH P50-AG05681, NIH P30 NS057105, and NIH P01-AG03991. Human brain and CSF samples were provided by the Washington University Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.

Washington University School of Medicine's 2,100 employed and volunteer faculty physicians also are the medical staff of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals. The School of Medicine is one of the leading medical research, teaching and patient care institutions in the nation, currently ranked sixth in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. Through its affiliations with Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals, the School of Medicine is linked to BJC HealthCare.



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/wuso-ctc102212.php

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